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Which of the following ingredients imparts red colour to the clay bricks?
1. Silica
2. Iron Oxide
3. Lime
4. Aluminium

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : Iron Oxide

Explanation:

Iron Oxide in brick: 

Iron oxide constituting less than 7 per cent of clay imparts the following properties:

1. Gives red colour on burning when an excess of oxygen is available and dark brown or even black colour when oxygen available is insufficient. However, an excess of ferric oxide makes the brick dark blue.

2. Improves impermeability and durability.

3. Tends to lower the fusion point of the clay, especially if present as a ferrous oxide.

4. Gives strength and hardness.

Other Ingredients of brick:

Silica: It enables the brick to retain its shape, imparts durability, and prevents shrinkage and warping. If it is in proper proportion then there is good cohesion between the particles and imparts uniform shape. Excess of silica makes the brick brittle and weak on burning. A large percentage of sand or uncombined silica in clay is undesirable. However, it is added to decrease shrinkage in burning and to increase the refractoriness of low alumina clays.

Alumina: It imparts plasticity to the brick. Absorbs water and renders the clay plastic. If alumina is present in excess of the specified quantity, it produces cracks in brick on drying. Clays having exceedingly high alumina content are likely to be very refractory.

Lime: Normally constitutes less than 10 per cent of clay. Lime in brick clay has the following effects:

1. Provide bondage

2. Causes silica in clay to melt on burning and thus helps to bind it.

3. In carbonated form, lime lowers the fusion point.

4. Excess of lime causes the brick to melt and the brick loses its shape.

5. Red bricks are obtained on burning the sun-dried bricks at considerably high temperature (more than 800°C). Buff-burning of bricks results due to high lime content.

Magnesia: rarely exceeding 1 per cent, affects the colour and makes the brick yellow. In burning, it causes the clay to soften at a slower rate than does lime and reduces warping.

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