Correct Answer - Option 1 : Clay
Carbon Resistors are the most common type of Composition Resistors.
Carbon resistors are cheap general-purpose resistors used in electrical and electronic circuits.
Their resistive element is manufactured from a mixture of finely ground carbon dust or graphite (similar to pencil lead) and a non-conducting ceramic (clay) powder to bind it all together. These resistors have large resistances.
IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT SOME OTHER RESISTORS TYPE-
1.Wirewound Resistor, is made by winding a thin metal alloy wire (Nichrome) or similar wire onto an insulating ceramic former in the form of a spiral helix similar to the film resistor above. These Resistors have a high power rating.
2. Metal Oxide Resistors have better high surge current capability with a much higher temperature rating than the equivalent metal film resistors.