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Which of the following scientists was awarded a Nobel Prize for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the Law of the Photoelectric Effect? 
1. Thomas Edison
2. Albert Einstein
3. Ernest Rutherford
4. Nikola Tesla

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : Albert Einstein

The correct answer is Albert Einstein.

  • Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who founded the theory of relativity, one of the two foundations of scientific physics.
  • His work is also known for its influence on scientific theory.
  • He also discovered the law of photoelectric effect, for which he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
  • The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which electrons are released from the surface of the metal when there is a proper light frequency.
  • Heinrich Hertz first documented the idea of the photoelectric effect in 1887, and Lenard later in 1902.
  • Also, Maxwell's electromagnetic wave theory of light couldn't justify both of the results of the photoelectric effect.
  • Using the groundbreaking theory of Planck that light was a photon, Einstein addressed this question.
  • The energy that each particle of light carries (called quanta or photon) depends on the frequency of the light (v), as shown: 

                                                                                                             E = hν

Where h = Planck’s constant = 6.6261 × 10-34 Js.

  • ​Because light is bundled into photons, Einstein theorized that the energy of the whole photon is passed to the electron when a photon falls on the surface of a metal.
  • Thus, by using the particle nature of light, Einstein demonstrated the Photoelectric effect.

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