(i)
(ii) An electric bell is one of the most common application of an electromagnet.
Construction and wiring: An electric bell shown in above fig.
The main parts of the bell are:
1. A horse-shoe electromagnet M, having iron core,
2. Soft iron armature A,
3. A hammer H,
4. A gong G,
5. A metallic spring strip SS,
6. An adjusting screw SS,
7. A switch (or bell-push) K, and
8. A battery.
Working and function of each part: The working of an electric bell is based on the magnetic effect of current. When the electric circuit is closed by pressing the switch K, the current flows through the coil CC and the core of electromagnet gets magnetised and therefore it attracts the armature A as shown A, the hammer H strikes the gong G and the bell rings.
At the moment, when the armature, due to attraction, moves towards the electromagnet, the connection between the strip SS and the screw S’ breaks which stops the flow of current in the circuit. Consequently, the electromagnet loses magnetism (i.e.r it gets demagnetised) and the armature A flies back to its original position due to the spring effect of the strip SS. Now the armature again touches the screw S’, resulting in the flow of current in the circuit. The electromagnet regains its magnetism and the armature A is again attracted, so the hammer H strikes the gong G again.
This process of make and break of the circuit goes on the hammer strikes the gong repeatedly and the bell rings so long as the switch K is kept pressed.
(iii) The core of the electromagnet is made of soft iron because: Firstly, it increases the intensity of the magnetic field of the electromagnet and secondly it easily get demagnetized when no current flows in the turns of the coil of insulated copper wire wound over the core, thus helping in the smooth working of the electric bell.
