Correct Answer - Option 3 : excavation / earthwork
The following are some important terms which are used in earth work /excavation work:
1. Deadman: Mounds of earth left undisturbed in pits dug out for borrowing earth. It is also called Tell Tales.
2. Burjis: Short pillars of brick or stone having top surface finished with cement plaster for markingand other purposes.
3. Formation or Profile: Final shape of the ground after excavation or filling up is called formation.
4. Foul condition: Filthy and unhygienic conditions where physical movements are hampered such as soil mixed with sewage.
5. Lead: It represents the average horizontal distance between the centres of excavation to the centre of deposition.
6. Lift: It is the average height through which the earth has to be lifted from source to the place of spreading or disposing.