Question

In which of the following years did the breakaway faction of the Congress, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, re-unite with it?
1. 1916
2. 1917
3. 1915
4. 1918

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : 1916

The correct answer is 1916.

• The extremists led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the moderates led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale were reunited at the Lucknow session of the Indian national congress in 1916.
• The session was presided by Ambica Charan Mazumdar.

• Indian National Congress bifurcated in 1907 at Surat, which is famously called the Surat split.
• There were two factions- The extremists and The moderates.
• Lucknow session 1916
  • Reunion of the moderates and the extremists.
  • A Pact between the Muslim League and Congress for cooperation during the Khilafat movement and the Non-cooperation movement.
  • Congress agreed to separate electorates for Muslims.
• Khilafat Movement
  • Started in 1919 by Muslims to restore the Caliph of the Ottoman empire to his powers.
  • Caliph was regarded as the highest religious figure among the Muslims.
  • In India, the movement was led by the brothers Shaukat and Muḥammad ʿAli and by Abul Kalam Azad.
  • Joined forces with Gandhi's Non-cooperation movement.
  • Gandhi’s suspension of his movement and his arrest in March 1922 weakened the Khilafat movement.
  • The movement finally collapsed when the caliphate was abolished altogether in 1924.
• The Non-Cooperation movement
  • It was launched on 5th September 1920 by the Indian National Congress (INC).
  • It was led by Mahatma Gandhi.
  • Gandhi declared it as a non-violent non-cooperation movement.
  • Indians were asked to relinquish their titles and resign from nominated seats in the local bodies as a mark of protest.
  • People were asked to resign from their government jobs.
  • People boycotted foreign goods.
  • Indian goods were promoted.
• Causes 
  • Resentment against the British after the war.
  • Economic hardships due to World War I
  • Jallianwala Bagh massacre
  • On April 13, 1919, British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in an open space known as the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in Punjab.
  • Hundreds were Killed.
  • The Khilafat Movement
• Reason for withdrawal
  • Chauri Chaura incident
  • In Chaura Chauri, Uttar Pradesh, a violent mob set ablaze a police station killing 22 policemen during a clash between the police and protesters of the movement.
• Gandhiji called it off as it was primarily a non-violent movement.
• Indian National Congress
  •     Formed- 1885
  • Formed by- A.O Humes