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In which year did Lord Curzon order the partition of Bengal?
1. 1945
2. 1905
3. 1915
4. 1930

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : 1905

The correct answer is 1905.

  •  Lord Curzon order the partition of Bengal in 1905.

  • Partition of Bengal was done in 1905, and division of it was carried out by the British viceroy in India, Lord Curzon.
  • Despite strong Indian nationalist opposition. It began a transformation of the Indian National Congress from a middle-class pressure group into a nationwide mass movement.
  • Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa had formed a single province of British India since 1765. By 1900 the province had grown too large to handle under a single administration. 
  • East Bengal, because of isolation and poor communications, had been neglected in favor of West Bengal and Bihar. 
  • Curzon chose one of several schemes for partition:
    • To unite Assam, which had been a part of the province until 1874, with 15 districts of east Bengal and thus form a new province with a population of 31 million. The capital was Dacca (now Dhaka, Bangladesh), and the people were mainly Muslim.
    • The Hindus of West Bengal, who controlled most of Bengal’s commerce and professional and rural life, complained that the Bengali nation would be split in two, making them a minority in a province including the whole of Bihar and Orissa. 
  • They regarded the partition as an attempt to strangle nationalism in Bengal, where it was more developed than elsewhere. Agitation against the partition included mass meetings, rural unrest, and a swadeshi (native) movement to boycott the import of British goods. 
  • The partition was carried through despite the agitation, and the extreme opposition went underground to form a terrorist movement.

  • Lord Curzon (1899-1905):
    • He passed the Calcutta Corporation Act in the year 1899.
    • According to the act, it increased the number of official members and decreased the strength of elected official members.
    •  As official members were mostly British Subjects it caused resentment in the Indian public.
    • He was the Viceroy who passed a law for protecting Ancient Indian monuments.

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