Correct Answer - Option 2 : childhood
A stage of development is an aging period when certain needs, behaviors, experiences, and capabilities are common and different from other age periods. Here are some behaviors you might expect to see at certain stages
Stages of development:- Developmental influences cover a range of behaviors and transformations in a child's faculties and personalities. Social norms, institutions, customs, and laws also influence these stages.
- Infancy (birth to 18 months)
- Early childhood(2 to 3 years)
- Preschool(3 to 5 years)
- School-age or Pre Adolescence(6 to 11 years)
- Adolescence(12 to 18 years)
- Pre or Young Adulthood(19 to 40 years)
- Middle Adulthood(40 to 65 years)
- Maturity(65 years to death)
Childhood extends from 2 to 12 years and is generally divided into early and late childhood.
Self-conscious emotions such as shame and pride are emotions that typically focus on the self of the person who feels them. In other words, the intentional object of these emotions is assumed to be the subject that experiences them.
- During middle and late childhood, stable self-concepts based on the child’s typical emotional experiences emerge. With the increased capacity for self-reflection, children gain an understanding of their self-conscious emotions. As a result, the consistent experience of patterns of self-conscious emotions has an impact on the child’s self-concept.
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For example, the tendency to experience shame rather than guilt in response to negative transgressions affects the child’s emergent self-esteem and may encourage a tendency to respond with aggression or violence.
- Pride describes a feeling of happiness that comes from achieving something. For example, when the child secures the first rank in the class, he/she feels pride in himself/herself.
- Children also learn emotional display rules as they progress through middle and late childhood. For example, a child learns to look happy even though she feels upset when a friend or family member gives her an undesirable gift.
- The use of display rules tends to increase as children begin to consider what consequences their actions may have for others. Display rules are used judiciously, and the likelihood of suppressing negative emotion depends on several factors, including the child’s gender, the likely recipients of the expression, the specific context.
Hence, we can conclude that the feeling of shame and pride develops in childhood age.
