Correct Answer - Option 3 : Guilford
Intelligence refers to the capacity to acquire and apply knowledge. It is the ability to solve problems, learn from experiences, and apply knowledge to deal with new situations.
- There are many theories related to intelligence. These theories are propounded by eminent psychologists to provide a framework to understand different aspects of human intelligence.
Three-dimensional Model of Intelligence
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J. P. Guilford developed the Three-dimensional Model or Structure of Intellect Model as a way of organizing intellectual factors into a system.
- The model is three dimensional, and dimensions are Operation categories, Content Categories, and Product categories.
- According to this theory, There are
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6 kinds of operations (cognition, memory recording, memory retention, divergent production, convergent production, evaluation),
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6 kinds of products (units, classes, relations, systems, transformations, and implications), and
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5 kinds of contents (visual, auditory, symbolic, semantic, behavioral).
- Each of these dimensions is independent, there are theoretically 180 different components of intelligence.
- Guilford researched and developed a wide variety of psychometric tests to measure the specific abilities predicted by SI theory.
- These tests provide an operational definition of the many abilities proposed by the theory. Furthermore, factor analysis was used to determine which tests appeared to measure the same or different abilities.
Hence, it is clear that Three-dimensional model of intelligence was developed by Guilford.
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L. L. Thurstone has propounded ‘Primary Mental Abilities / Group Factor Theory’, he believed that certain mental operations have a primary factor differentiating them from other mental operations.
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R.B. Cattell has propounded Theory of Fluid & Crystallized Intelligence. He proposed that general intelligence is composed of two factors - that are distinct but correlated.
