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Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Holistic education in ancient India was not just acquisition of knowledge as preparation for life in this world or life beyond schooling but for complete realisation and liberation of the self.

Statement II: Values of pluralism, mutual understanding and peace constituted the foundation of holistic education during ancient education.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:


1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true

1 Answer

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Correct Answer - Option 1 : Both Statement I and Statement II are true

Aim of education in ancient India

  • During the ancient period, two systems of education were developed, Vedic, and Buddhist. During those times the education was of Vedas, Brahmanas, Upnishads, and Dharmasutras.
  • From the Rigveda onwards, our ancient education started with the objective of developing the students not only in the outer body but also in the inner body. The ancient education focused on imparting ethics like humility, truthfulness, discipline, self-reliance, and respecting all creations to the students.
  • From the Vedic age downwards the main conception of education of the Indians has been that it is a source of illumination that gives a correct lead in the various spheres of life. 
  • Knowledge is the third eye of man, which gives him insight into all affairs and teaches him how to act.
  • As per classical Indian tradition “Sa vidya ya vimuktaye”, (that which liberates us is education). He who is possessed of supreme knowledge by the concentration of mind, must have his senses under control, like-spirited steeds controlled by a charioteer.” says the Katha Upanishad.
  • Religion played a large part in life in ancient India and teachers were usually priests. It is, therefore, no wonder that infusion of a spirit of piety and religiousness in the mind of the rising generation should have been regarded as the first and foremost aim of education. 
  • Though the educational system provided the background of piety and religiousness, its aim was not to induce the student to renounce the world and become a wanderer in the quest for God.
  • Character training and moral education were regarded as a very important aim of ancient Indian education. 
  • The chief aim of education was the realization of the fundamental truths of life, to solve the problems of death by merging the self in Universal to avoid change, decay, and dissolution. Individuation meant death, a lapse from the Absolute, and a merger with the Universal meant life.
  • The individual’s supreme duty was to achieve his expansion into the Absolute, his self-fulfilment. Education must aid in this self-fulfilment. But self-fulfilment was not possible with the acquisition of mere objective knowledge. It is more concerned with the subject than the object.
  • The knowledge of the whole or the Absolute was the chief aim of ancient Indian education.
  • Individuation is Bondage. It limits vision and knowledge. Perception of Life in the perspective of the whole is Mukti, Emancipation. The individual must achieve his emancipation, his escape from bondage (Samsara), disease, decline, and death.
  • Inculcation of social and civic duties in the minds of the students was also regarded as an important aim of education in those days. Social life through Hospitability and charitability was prominently displayed in the scheme of ancient Indian education.

Conclusion:.

  • From the above discussion, it is clear that ancient India cherished high ideals of education.
  • The main objective of education was to equip the students with a good quality of education.
  • The education mostly focused on the enrichment of culture, character, and personality, development, and cultivation of noble ideals.
  • The objective was to gain the mental, physical, and intellectual personality of students, to make the students future-ready and survive in any situation. But the ultimate aim of education at that time was self-realization and achieving emancipation.
  • Hence, both statements are true. So, option (1) is correct.

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