Correct Answer - Option 4 : The shunt capacitors are of variable impedance type loads only to minimize losses and voltage drop.
Static Shunt Capacitor:
- The power factor can be improved by connecting capacitors in parallel with the equipment operating at a lagging power factor.
- It is always desired to commission a capacitor bank nearer to reactive load, this makes the transmission of reactive kVARr removed from a greater part of the network
- Shunt capacitors operate at leading pf (like No-load over-excited synchronous motors)i.e. they consume leading VARs by delivering the lagging VARs.
- Reactive power supplied by capacitor bank is given by the formula: \(Q = P\left( {\tan \delta - \tan \delta '} \right)\)
Advantages:
(i) They have low losses.
(ii) They require little maintenance as there are no rotating parts.
(iii) They can be easily installed as they are light and require no foundation.
(iv) They can work under ordinary atmospheric conditions.
Disadvantages:
(i) They have short service life ranging from 8 to 10 years.
(ii) They are easily damaged if the voltage exceeds the rated value.
(iii) Once the capacitors are damaged, their repair is uneconomical