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The most popular of the car-following models is:
1. Forbes' model
2. Optimal velocity model
3. General Motors’ model
4. Pipe's model

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Correct Answer - Option 3 : General Motors’ model

Concept:

General Motors' model:

It is the most popular of the car-following theories because of the following reasons:

1. Agreement with field data: The simulation models developed based on General motors' car following models show good correlation to the field data.

2. Mathematical relation to macroscopic model: Greenberg’s logarithmic model for the speed-density relationship can be derived from General motors' car-following model.

Additional Information:

Forbes’ model:

  • In this model, the reaction time needed for the following vehicle to perceive the need to decelerate and apply the brakes is considered.
  • That is, the time gap between the rear of the leader and the front of the follower should always be equal to or greater than the reaction time.
  • Therefore, the minimum time headway is equal to the reaction time (minimum time gap) and the time required for the lead vehicle to traverse a distance equivalent to its length.
  • A disadvantage of this model is that, similar to Pipe’s model, there is a wide difference in the minimum distance headway at low and high speeds. 

Pipe’s model :

  • The basic assumption of this model is “A good rule for following another vehicle at a safe distance is to allow yourself at least the length of a car between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead for every ten miles per hour of speed at which you are traveling”.
  • A disadvantage of this model is that at low speeds, the minimum headways proposed by the theory are considerably less than the corresponding field measurements. 

Optimal velocity model: 

  • The concept of this model is that each driver tries to achieve an optimal velocity based on the distance to the preceding vehicle and the speed difference between the vehicles. 

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