Correct Answer - Option 2 : Dead loads
Concept:
The various types of load acting on a structure are:
1. Dead Load: It is due to self weight of structural members, permanent partition walls, fixed permanent equipments and weight of different materials, weight of roofs, beams, walls and column etc.
2. Live loads: They are either movable or moving loads without any acceleration or impact. These includes weights of movable partitions or furniture, persons, movable vehicle etc. . Live loads keep on changing from time to time.
3. Wind load: It is horizontal load caused by the movement of air. Wind load is required to be considered in structural design, generally, when the height of the building exceeds two times the its transverse dimension.
4. Earthquake forces: They constitute to both vertical and horizontal forces on the building. The total vibration caused by earthquake may be resolved into three mutually perpendicular directions, usually taken as vertical and two horizontal directions. The movement in vertical direction does not cause force any significant damage. But the horizontal movement of the building at the time of earthquake is to be considered while designing.
5. Snow loads: They act as the vertical loads on the building. But these types of loads are considered only in the snow fall places. They act only on roofs.
6. Other Loads: In view of Serviceability of the structure, certain other loads may also be considered in design. These are - Foundation movement, Elastic axial shortening, Soil and fluid pressure, Vibration, Fatigue and Impact loads etc.