Correct Answer - Option 4 : Partial measuring experience of measurer in the instruments
Solution:
Types of Measurement Errors
We can classify the measurement errors into the following three types.
- Gross Errors
- Random Errors
- Systematic Errors
Gross Errors:
- The errors, which occur due to the lack of experience of the observer while taking the measurement values are known as gross errors.
- The values of gross errors will vary from observer to observer. Sometimes, the gross errors may also occur due to improper selection of the instrument.
- We can minimize the gross errors by following these two steps.
- Choose the best suitable instrument, based on the range of values to be measured.
- Note down the readings carefully
Systematic Errors
- If the instrument produces an error, which is of a constant uniform deviation during its operation is known as systematic error.
- The systematic errors occur due to the characteristics of the materials used in the instrument.
Types of Systematic Errors
The systematic errors can be classified into the following three types.
Instrumental Errors − This type of errors occur due to shortcomings of instruments and loading effects.
Environmental Errors − This type of errors occur due to the changes in environment such as change in temperature, pressure & etc.
observational Errors − This type of errors occur due to observer while taking the meter readings. Parallax errors belong to this type of errors.
Random Errors:
The errors, which occur due to unknown sources during measurement time are known as random errors. Hence, it is not possible to eliminate or minimize these errors.
Explanation:
Reason for instrumental errors
- Loading effects of instruments
- Inherent shortcomings in the instruments
- Misuse of the instruments
Instrumental errors does not depend on measuring the experience of the measurer.
So option 4 is correct.
