Question

Which of the following steps in research are least vulnerable to research ethics?

A. Identifying the research variables

B. Defining the research variables

C. Data collection procedure

D. Data analysis procedure

E. Reporting research outcomes

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A and B only
2. B and C only
3. C and D only
4. D and E only

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : A and B only

Ethics are the principle or guidelines that help us to uphold the things we value.

Research is a multi-stage process. Ethics are central to the research process. Researchers need to take care of various ethical issues at different levels of this process.

• There are many ethical issues to be taken into serious consideration for research. For example, securing the actual permission and interests of all those involved in the study. 
• There should not misuse of any of the information discovered,  and there should be a certain moral responsibility maintained towards the participants. 
• There is a  duty to protect the rights of people in the study as well as their privacy and sensitivity.  Besides this highest level of ethical standards is maintained at the stage of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. 
• The data must be true, real, and free from assumption.
• The analyses must be done in a scientific manner and within strict pre-defined parameters, there should not be any scope of bias or prejudice. The standard must be unquestionable. 
• It should be free from bias and prejudices.
• The entire results of the research depend a lot on the authenticity of the data.

Identifying the research variables and defining the research variables are more concerned with the theoretical approach and not false under strict research parameters.

Therefore, option 1 in research is least vulnerable to research ethics.