Correct Answer - Option 3 : she cannot reverse her thinking.
Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, has made a systematic study of cognitive development in his theory that is categorized into four stages.
Pre-operational stage: A 5-year-old child is in the Pre-operational stage (2 to 7 years).
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They become capable of engaging in goal-directed activities in this stage.
- The child at this stage is not able to understand how things operate internally or how things relate to one another.
- Think about things symbolically and Imagining.
Limitations of Pre-operational Stage:
- The pre-operational child cannot understand relational terms such as larger than, darker than, etc.
- At this stage, the reversible thinking is not developed, so the child is unable to understand the concept like Conservation of Number, Conservation of Liquid, Conservation of Length, Conservation of Mass, etc.
- Pre-operational thinking tends to be egocentric.
- Pre-operational thinking tends to focus on only one aspect or dimension of a problem at a time.
- The child at this stage is not able to understand how things operate internally or how things relate to one another.
- These limitations make the pre-operational child’s thinking illogical and inconsistent.
- Much of the child’s thinking unsystematic, inconsistent, illogical, and disjointed.
Hence, we can conclude that the cannot reverse her thinking that is why a 5-year-old child fails to reason why the quantity of water remains the same after transferring it from a tall and narrow glass to a wider container.
