Correct Answer - Option 1 : Teleological Process
Sankhya Philosophy
- The Sāṁkhya Philosophy is regarded as dualistic realism.
- It is dualistic because it holds the doctrine of two ultimate realities; Prakṛti and Purusas.
- It maintains the plurality of Purusas (self) and the existence of matter, hence, treated as pluralistic.
- Purusa form of causation is 'Neither cause nor effect'
- It is realism because they viewed that both matter and spirit are equally real.
- The Sāṁkhya school expresses that the self (Purusa) and the non-self (Prakriti) are radically different from each other, as like, subject and object. As a subject can never be the object, similarly, an object can never be the subject.
Evolution in Sankhya philosophy:
- All compound objects exist for the sake of the Purusa. The body, the senses, the mind, and the intellect are all means to realize the end of the Purusa.
- The three Gunas, the Prakrti, the subtle body - all are said to serve the purpose of the self. Evolution is teleological or purposive.
- Prakrti evolves itself in order to serve the Purusa’s end This proof is teleological.
- According to Sankhya philosophy, Evolution is regarded as cyclic and not linear.
- There is no continuous progress in one direction, but alternating periods of evolution and dissolution in acyclic order. Again evolution is said to be teleological and not mechanical or blind of the 24 principles of evolution 23 are evolutes. Matter or Prakriti is an eternal principle in its state. So, Prakriti is not an evolute. It exists permanently. Matter changed but it is never destroyed.
Hence, we can conclude that In Sankhya Philosophy, 'Evolution' is considered to be a teleological process.
