Correct Answer - Option 2 : Reciprocal teaching
Reciprocal teaching is based on Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal. In classroom settings using reciprocal teaching, students gradually assume the role of being “the teacher” when they become more proficient. This aims to make them more independent in their learning.
According to Vygotsky’s concept, children can develop their learning to reach a level of actual development by independently solving problems, and another level of potential development under adult guidance or expert scaffolding and in collaboration with more capable peers.
The main features of reciprocal teaching is-
- the scaffolding and explicit instruction which a teacher uses and which include guided practice
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social interaction which provides opportunities for learners to improve their cognitive, metacognitive and effective strategies and offers them chances to share ideas, increase confidence, and learn from their more capable friends
- It consists of four main strategies: predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing
Thus form the above-mentioned points, it is clear that Reciprocal teaching is based on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory.
Some central-concepts of Vygotsky's theory is-
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More Knowledgeable Others (MKO)
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He defined intelligence as “the capacity to learn from instruction”. According to him, these are those people, who are more knowledgeable and have better expertise in a particular domain. These MKO can help in improving the skill of the children.
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Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
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ZPD is the difference between the present level of development attained without anyone’s assistance and potential level of development which can be attained under the guidance of MKO
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Scaffolding
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Vygotsky used this term to describe social and instructional support provided by MKO to students to learn new concepts and skills. Once the skill is learned by the student, the instructional support is withdrawn.
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