Correct Answer - Option 1 : Only II
Piaget was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. His contributions include a theory of cognitive child development, detailed observational studies of cognition in children, and a series of simple but ingenious tests to reveal different cognitive abilities. Cognitive Basis of Risk-Taking:
- With formal operations, adolescents have the competence to reason rationally but performance factors may undermine such competence, resulting in risk-taking.
- According to Arnett’s (1992) account of adolescent recklessness, adolescent egocentrism makes them vulnerable to risk-taking.
- Arnett’s account of adolescent risk-taking includes not only egocentrism but also sensation seeking as a separate and independent factor.
Hence, we conclude that risk-taking is included in cognitive strategies.