Question

What type of fallacy is implied in the following

"Fire is cold, because it is a substance"

1. Badhita
2. Virudha
3. Asadharna
4. Anupsamhan

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : Badhita

"Fire is cold because it is a substance" - Badhita fallacy is implied in this case.

Fallacy (hetvabhasha):

• It is a middle term or appears to a reason but not a valid reason.
• There are five fallacies lead by the violation in fallacies of inference. These are
  1. Savyabhichara
  2. Viruddha
  3. Satpratipaksha
  4. Asiddha
  5. Badhita

Fallacy	Definition	Example
Savyabhichara	A middle term not uniformly but irregularly related to the major term. It is a defective hetu.	All bipeds are dogs. Birds are biped.  therefore, birds are dogs.
Viruddha	It is a contradictory middle. It offered to the existence of Sadhya but actually establishes the non-existence of Sadhya.	Sound is eternal because it is produced.
Satpratipaksha	It is inferentially contradicted middle. When the hetu is advanced to establish a particular Sadhya in inference is validly contradicted by another Hetu that proves the non-existence of Sadhya of the first inference.	Sound is eternal because it is audible
Asiddha	It is the unproved middle. It is not yet proven but needs to be proved.	Dog tests better because dog has a strong ability to test like a human.
Badhita	Non-inferential contradicted middle. The middle term is contradicted by a strong perception or testimony.	Fire is cold because it is a substance.