Correct Answer - Option 1 : Both I and III
Development: Development can be defined as the change of shape, size, health, or change in psychology. The following are the Principles of Human Development:
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Principle of Continuity: Development follows the principle of continuity which starts with conception and ends with death. It is a never-ending process in life.
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Principle of Individual Differences: It says that every individual is unique in himself/herself as the heredity and environmental factors makes him/her different from others.
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Principle of Generality to Specificity: The development process starts with general responses shown by the child as s/he passes through the later stages s/ he starts exhibiting specific behaviours. For example, a child may utter a sound which is common for every object and person s/he sees in the environment, like ‘inna’, but later on s/he starts pronouncing specific words denoting specific objects or persons, like maa, pa, and so on.
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Principle of Interrelation: The development of an individual is reflected through the balanced interrelation of all the aspects of life. Development in any aspect affects the other aspect also.
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Principle of Interaction: The principle of interaction suggests that an individual is the product of heredity and environment. In other words, the interaction takes place within and outside forces of the child.
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Principle of Differentiation in Rate: Differentiation in rate indicates that individuals differ in the rate of development. There is a difference in the rate of development in girls and boys like girls grow faster than the boys at the early stage of development.
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Principle of Integration: Principle of Integration refers to the integration of various aspects of development like physical, mental, emotional, social and moral.
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Principle of Predictability: Development is predictable i.e. with the help of the uniformity of the pattern and sequence of development, we can predict the behaviour to a great extent of child in one or more aspect in a particular stage of her/his growth and development.
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Principle of Sequentiality: It states that every individual although exhibit difference in change, they follow the same sequence of change.
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The Cephalocaudal tendency exhibits that the development proceeds in the longitudinal direction i.e. from head to foot. That is the reason why the child first gains control overhead before s/he starts walking.
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Proximodistal tendency proceeds from near to the distant and from parts of the body near the centre develop first then the extremities. Therefore the child in the earlier stage of development exercises on the fundamental muscles rather than the smaller muscles or fine motor skills.
Hence, we conclude that except for Unpredictability, each one is the principle of development.
