Correct Answer - Option 4 : none of these
Utilization factor:
It is the ratio of maximum demand on the power station to the rated capacity of the power station.
Utilization factor = maximum demand / plant capacity
The value of the utilization factor is less than 1, it is because maximum demand is always less than the rated capacity
Load factor:
The ratio of average load to the maximum demand during a given period is known as the load factor.
Load factor = average load / maximum demand
The value of the demand factor is less than 1 as the average load is less than the maximum demand
Demand factor:
It is the ratio of maximum demand on the power station to its connected load.
Demand factor = Maximum Demand / Connected load
The value of the demand factor is usually less than 1. It is because maximum demand is always less than the connected load.
The knowledge of the demand factor is vital in determining the capacity of the plant equipment.
Relation between Capacity Factor, Utilization Factor & Load factor:
We know that,
Capacity factor (Cf) = \(\frac{Average Load(AL)}{Plant Capacity(PC)}\)
Utilization factor (Uf) = \(\frac{Maximum Demand(MD)}{Plant Capacity(PC)}\)
Load factor (Lf) = \(\frac{Average Load(AL)}{Maximum Demand(MD)}\)
Multiplied Load Factor and Utilization factor,
Lf × Uf = \(\frac{AL}{MD}\times\frac{MD}{PC}=\frac{AL}{PC}\)
Hence, capacity factor = utilization factor × load factor