Correct Answer - Option 4 : The scientific method
The scientific method is defined by the Random House Dictionary as a method in which a problem is identified, relevant data is gathered, a hypothesis is formulated, which is empirically tested.
The scientific method is an empirical method of acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century.
- It involves careful observation, explain, predict, and/or control phenomena.
- It involves formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental and measurement-based testing of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.
Some steps in this logical procedure are-
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Observation and description (explanation) of a phenomenon
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Formulation of a hypothesis to explain the phenomenon.
- In the classical scientific method of which physics is the paradigmatic example, it takes the form of a causal mechanism or mathematical relation.
- Using the hypothesis to predict the existence of other phenomenon or the results of new observations
- Performance of experiments to test the hypothesis (see Glossary) by several impendent researchers. If all the researchers come to the same results, then the hypothesis will become a theory or law.
- Experimental verification is the key to the success of the scientific method.
- Dissemination for peer review.
Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that to explain, predict, and/or control phenomena are the goals of the scientific method.
| Traditional reasoning |
The reasoning is the cognitive process of searching for answers to problems, puzzles, etc |
| Deductive reasoning |
The kind of reasoning that begins with an assumption is called deductive reasoning. |
| Inductive reasoning |
Reasoning, which is based on specific facts and observation, is called inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is drawing a general conclusion based on a particular observation |
