Correct Answer - Option 4 : environment
By individual differences-
- we mean physical and behavioural variations, seen in all species including human beings, some of us are tall, some short, some bright and some are dull.
- Behavioural variation such as some are aggressive and some are polite.
- Different people have different interests; and their behaviour is influenced by these interests, likings, dislikings, values, and beliefs, etc.
- While dealing with heredity and environment in the context of individual differences, one has to be cautioned against misuse of terms like inborn. acquired. resemblance, maternal impressions. etc.
- These differences are caused by heredity and environment. Heredity is determined by genes, chromosomes, and cytoplasm. The environment is determined by family, school neighbourhood, and place of work.
- Individual differences are generally measured through psychological tests such as intelligence or personality.
Factors to cause individual differences-
| Heredity |
- The heredity factors hidden within the chromosomes are called genes.
- The heredity basis of individual differences lies in an almost unlimited variety of possible gene combinations that may occur.
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| Environment |
- The environmental influences are those which act upon the organism, at the earlier stages of development within the mother’s womb and later external environment which operates from the time of birth.
- The customs, socio-economic status, family environment, interaction amongst the family members and later peers, and school environment cause a variety of conditions to determine individual differences.
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Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that Individual differences can be attributed to the complex interplay between hereditary factors and the environment.
