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Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Indian Federalism?

1. The word federalism is mentioned in Article 1 of the Indian Constitution. 

2. India is a holding together type of federalism.


1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : 2 only

The correct answer is 2 only.

  • Federalism can be formed by way of integration (US) or disintegration (Canada). 
  • Indian federalism resembles “CANADIAN MODEL”.
  • Article 1 describes India as a UNION of states. 
  • It is not a result of an agreement between states and states have no right to secede from the federation. 
  • It’s an Indestructible union of destructible states.
  • KC Wheare described it as “Quasi federalism”.
  • Granville Austin called it “Cooperative federalism” (need for national integrity and unity).
  • Morris Jones defined it as 'Bargaining Federalism'.
  • 'Federalism with Centralizing tendency' by Ivor Jenning.
  • India is a holding together type of Federation in which some States have more power than othersHence statement 2 is correct.
    • The central government has more power than the state government. 
  • Parliament has the power to make changes in the territory as well as the name of states under articles 1 to 4 of the Indian Constitution.
  • Article 1 describes India that is Bharat is a union of the state rather than a Federation of the state as India is a holding together type of Federation rather than coming together type of Federation like the USA. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
  • In case of collision of decisions in terms of the concurrent list under schedule 7 the union decision making power prevails over the State Power. 
  • The residuary power is vested upon the Union government.
  • Unitary bias (dominance of centre in financial powers, central grants, Niti Aayog).

  • In SR Bommai case SC characterized “Federalism” as part of “Basic structure”.

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