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For paramagnetic materials, the relative permeability is
1. less than unity but magnetic susceptibility is relatively small and positive
2. greater than unity and magnetic susceptibility is relatively small but positive
3. equal to unity and magnetic susceptibility is large but positive
4. less than unity but magnetic susceptibility is relatively large and positive

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : greater than unity and magnetic susceptibility is relatively small but positive

Paramagnetic Substances: The substances which are weekly magnetized when placed in an external magnetic field, in the same direction of the applied field are called paramagnetic substances.

Example: Sodium, aluminium, calcium, manganese, platinum

Properties:

  • These substances are attracted by a magnet
  • Atomic orbitals of these substances are partially filled
  • It develops weak magnetization in the direction of the applied magnetic field
  • After removing the magnetizing field, it loses its magnetization
  • When placed in a non-uniform magnetic field, it tends to move from weaker to stronger regions of the magnetic field
  • When placed in a uniform magnetic field, it aligns itself in the direction of the magnetic field
  • Magnetic susceptibility is a small positive value
  • Relative permeability is close to one and always greater than 1
  • Magnetic permeability is slightly more compared to free space

 

Material

Magnetic Susceptibility (X)

Relative Permeability

(K= 1 + Xm)

Magnetic Permeability

m = Kmμ0)

Diamagnetic

-10-5 to -10-9

< 1

μm < μ0

Paramagnetic

10-5 to 10-3

> 1

μm > μ0

Ferromagnetic

≫ 1

≫ 1

μ μ0

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