Correct Answer - Option 2 : Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist and a social constructivist. He has propounded 'Socio-cultural Theory' which emphasizes the role of social interaction in cognitive development.
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Lev Vygotsky emphasized that the acquisition of speech is the major activity in cognitive development. He believed that cognitive skills and patterns of thinking are the product of the interaction between the individual and the socio-cultural institution where the individual grows up.
- Vygotsky embedded in this theory, the concept of 'private speech' which is a kind of speech directed to self with no communicative function. Children use private speech to guide their actions by speaking themselves.
Private Speech:
- It refers to the speech produced aloud by young children which seems to be addressed either to the self or to others, which sometimes cannot be easily conceived by a listener.
- It has a major role in the augmentation of the self and self-consciousness.
- This phenomenon starts in the early years of life and proceeds to the end of adolescence and even later.
- It is the main aspect in the development of self and subjectivity.
Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that the view "children speak to themselves for self-guidance", was given by Vygotsky.
