Correct Answer - Option 2 : Students Team Achievement Division
Cooperative learning may best be defined as small heterogeneously mixed working groups of learners learning collaborative skills while working towards a common academic goal or task. The teacher's role in cooperative learning changes from knowledge provider to a facilitator who guides the learner both academically and socially
Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD)
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It is one of the most well-known strategies of cooperative learning which uses four or five-member teams to master topics dealing with basic skills.
- Like the teacher presentation student revision strategy (TPSR), teachers using STAD initially present the content or skill as they normally would.
- After the initial presentation, you ask the students to work on the concept or skill in the setting of a structured group. When they understand the content, you administer a test and assign a score to each student, and then derive an improvement score by comparing the present score of the student with the whisker base score.
- Based on improvement scores of individual members, the average improvement score of each group is calculated which serves as the criterion for giving awards to the groups. Innovative techniques make the teaching-learning process more effective.
- Such learning could lead to better performance in school examinations.
STAD modules for different units prepared by the teacher may be distributed among the students. They may be helped to form realistic targets or goals of achievements. The experiment may comprise three stages-
- In the first stage, the teacher may read the module aloud and give brief explanations wherever necessary.
- In the second stage, the groups may be asked to go through the materials as well as the textual lesson using different learning strategies under the guidance of the teacher.
- In the third stage, the groups may meet the teacher and discuss the difficult as well as interesting points. The teacher may also arrange a quiz session. Assessment of the work can take place in the last stage.
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STAD can be used for a range of topics in all subjects. For example, the strategy can be used for topics like the solar system, water cycle, etc in science, climate regions, longitude and latitude problems in social studies, parts of the body, and characteristics of drugs in health education.
Implementation of STAD shall involve four broad phases:
- The initial presentation by the teacher
- Team study or group work
- Organization of quiz sessions
- Evaluation and grading
Hence, we can conclude that In the context of co-operative learning, STAD refers to Students Team Achievement Division.