Correct Answer - Option 3 : Law of Effect
There are many theories in psychology that are related to different schools of psychology such as cognitive, humanistic, behavioristic, etc. These theories are propounded by eminent psychologists to provide a framework to understand different aspects of human behavior.
E. L. Thorndike, an American psychologist, the propounder of "Trial & Error Theory" has developed three primary laws and eight supplementary laws of learning that leads to development.
Three primary laws of learning:
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Law of exercise
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- It is based on practice and drill to learn something for a long period.
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Law of readiness
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- It refers to the degree of eagerness and inquisitiveness to learn something new.
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Law of effect
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- It is based on motivation and reinforcement to make the learning experience pleasant for learners.
- In other words, the consequence of a behavior is satisfying, then the behavior is likely to be learned.
- In this connection, the role of reward and praise have positive effects of strengthening the learned behavior whereas punishment and rebuff have the opposite effect on the behavior being learned.
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Hence, it could be concluded that the “Law of Effect” of Thorndike is similar to the concept of 'reinforcement'.
Eight supplementary laws of learning:
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Law of Primacy: It refers to the idea that the first step matters the most.
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Law of Intensity of Stimulus: The more strong the stimulus, the better the response.
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Law of recency: It is the tendency which refers to the idea that the most recent task matters the most.
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Law of Attitude, Disposition or States: It refers to the condition of a learner that influences learning.
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Law of Assimilation of response by Analogy: It is the tendency to respond automatically as responded in the past.
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Law of Multiple Responding: It refers to different types of responses often occurs initially to a stimulus, then reaching to the correct response.
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Law of Associative Shifting: Successfully applying the same response until a new situation comes (For example to apply the same formula in similar questions).
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Law of Partial or Piecemeal Activity of a situation: It refers to the tendency to respond to particular elements or features of a stimulus situation rather than on the whole to improve the result.
