Correct Answer - Option 3 : Assertiveness
'Adolescence' comes from the Latin word 'Adolescere' which means 'to grow to become mature'. It a stage which lies between the age of '12 to 19 years'. Adolescence is a difficult journey of self-exploration and interaction with the world. It is characterized by contradictions, fantasies, surprises, uncertainties, etc. There are six immature characteristics of adolescent thought proposed by Elkind:
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Idealism and Criticalness: It is the situation in which they believe that they know better than other adults and consistently find faults in elders.
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Argumentativeness: It is the case in which they constantly look for situations to test their reasoning abilities.
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Indecisiveness: It is the case in which they are not able to make an effective strategy.
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Apparent Hypocrisy: They are not able to differentiate between situations in which they need to sacrifice something.
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Self Consciousness: The belief that they are being judged and observed constantly by people.
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Specialness and Invulnerability: The belief that someone/something is unique or special.
Hence, we conclude that assertiveness is not a form of immaturity of thinking during adolescence as proposed by Elkind.