Read the passage given below.
Election expenses cross Rs 6,500 crore
More than Rs 6,500 crore was spent on elections by 18 political parties, including seven national parties and 11 regional parties, between 2015 and 2020, which shows an analysis of the annual audit reports of political parties submitted to the Election Commission of India. Of this, political parties spent more than Rs 3,400 crore, or \( 52.3 \) percent, on publicity alone. [2] Audit reports show that when it comes to election expenditure, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) spent 56 percent (over Rs 3,600 crore) of the total election outlay by all 18 parties in five years and the Indian National Congress (INC) spent \( 21.41 \) percent (over Rs 1,400 crore). This means that of the 18 parties, the BJP and the INC accounted for more than 77 percent of the total five-year expenditure on elections. Next on the list, by a huge margin, are Samajwadi Party (3.95 percent), Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (3.06 percent), Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (2.17 percent), Bahujan Samaj Party (2.04 percent), and Trinamool Congress (1.83 percent). [3] Given that the Congress government in Punjab and the BJP government in Uttar Pradesh have launched a huge publicity blitz ahead of the upcoming Assembly elections, it is interesting that parties spent a lion's share on their election expenditure on publicity. [4] An audit data reveals that in the 2015-2020 period, the BJP spent \( 54.87 \) percent (over Rs 2,000 crore) of its total election expenditure on advertisements and publicity alone, compared to \( 15.29 \) percent on travel, \( 11.25 \) percent as financial assistance to candidates, and around \( 7.2 \) percent (Rs 260 crore) on morchas, rallies, and andolans. [5] Similarly, Congress, in the five-year period, spent \( 40.08 \) percent (Rs 560 crore) of the total election expenditure on election-related publicity and \( 17.47 \) percent (Rs 250 crore) on travel during polls. Based on your understanding of the passage, answer
ANY FIVE out of the seven questions given below. i. What does the given graph represent?
ii. The expenditure of Rs 6,500 crore includes the expenses of how many political parties?
iii. What can be concluded about the expenses of BJP and INC?
iv. Identify a word from para 3 indicating a concentrated effort to do something.
v. With reference to the given figure, write one conclusion about the position of TMC.
vi. Parties spent a lion's share on their election expenditure on publicity. Substantiate.