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in English Grammar by (50 points)
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Read the passage given below.

Election expenses cross Rs 6,500 crore

More than Rs 6,500 crore was spent on elections by 18 political parties, including seven national parties and 11 regional parties, between 2015 and 2020, which shows an analysis of the annual audit reports of political parties submitted to the Election Commission of India. Of this, political parties spent more than Rs 3,400 crore, or \( 52.3 \) percent, on publicity alone. [2] Audit reports show that when it comes to election expenditure, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) spent 56 percent (over Rs 3,600 crore) of the total election outlay by all 18 parties in five years and the Indian National Congress (INC) spent \( 21.41 \) percent (over Rs 1,400 crore). This means that of the 18 parties, the BJP and the INC accounted for more than 77 percent of the total five-year expenditure on elections. Next on the list, by a huge margin, are Samajwadi Party (3.95 percent), Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (3.06 percent), Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (2.17 percent), Bahujan Samaj Party (2.04 percent), and Trinamool Congress (1.83 percent). [3] Given that the Congress government in Punjab and the BJP government in Uttar Pradesh have launched a huge publicity blitz ahead of the upcoming Assembly elections, it is interesting that parties spent a lion's share on their election expenditure on publicity. [4] An audit data reveals that in the 2015-2020 period, the BJP spent \( 54.87 \) percent (over Rs 2,000 crore) of its total election expenditure on advertisements and publicity alone, compared to \( 15.29 \) percent on travel, \( 11.25 \) percent as financial assistance to candidates, and around \( 7.2 \) percent (Rs 260 crore) on morchas, rallies, and andolans. [5] Similarly, Congress, in the five-year period, spent \( 40.08 \) percent (Rs 560 crore) of the total election expenditure on election-related publicity and \( 17.47 \) percent (Rs 250 crore) on travel during polls. Based on your understanding of the passage, answer

 ANY FIVE out of the seven questions given below. i. What does the given graph represent? 

ii. The expenditure of Rs 6,500 crore includes the expenses of how many political parties?

 iii. What can be concluded about the expenses of BJP and INC?

 iv. Identify a word from para 3 indicating a concentrated effort to do something.

 v. With reference to the given figure, write one conclusion about the position of TMC.

 vi. Parties spent a lion's share on their election expenditure on publicity. Substantiate.

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1 Answer

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i. The given passage does not mention any graph, so it is not possible to determine what the graph represents.

ii. The passage states that the expenditure of Rs 6,500 crore includes the expenses of 18 political parties.

iii. The passage indicates that the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) spent 56 percent (over Rs 3,600 crore) of the total election outlay by all 18 parties in five years, while the Indian National Congress (INC) spent 21.41 percent (over Rs 1,400 crore). Therefore, it can be concluded that the BJP and the INC accounted for more than 77 percent of the total five-year expenditure on elections among the 18 parties.

iv. A word from paragraph 3 indicating a concentrated effort to do something is "blitz," as in "publicity blitz." A blitz refers to a sudden and intense effort to achieve a specific goal.

v. The passage does not provide any information about the position of TMC (Trinamool Congress) in the given figure or graph, so no conclusion can be drawn about its position.

vi. The passage mentions that political parties spent more than Rs 3,400 crore, or 52.3 percent, of the total election expenses on publicity alone. It also highlights that the BJP spent over Rs 2,000 crore (54.87 percent of its total election expenditure) on advertisements and publicity, while the Congress spent Rs 560 crore (40.08 percent of its total election expenditure) on election-related publicity. These examples substantiate the statement that parties spent a significant portion of their election expenditure on publicity, indicating that a substantial amount of financial resources was allocated to promotional activities to gain public attention and support.

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