Question

The Mughal Commander, who signed the Treaty of Purandar (1665) with Shivaji was _______.

1. Jai Singh - I
2. Jai Singh - III
3. Jashwant Singh
4. Shaista Khan

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : Jai Singh - I

The correct answer is Jai Singh - I.

• The Treaty of Purandar was signed on June 11, 1665 AD between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Raja Jai Singh - I of Amber, who
  was deputed by Mughal emperor Aurangazeb.
• By this treaty, Shivaji surrendered 23 out of 35 forts and the Mughals acknowledged the authority of Shivaji over Konkan and parts of Balaghat.
• Hence, option 1 is correct.

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• Treaty of Purandar - (March 1, 1776)
  • In 1772, the Maratha Peshwa Madhavrao died and he was succeeded by his brother Narayanrao as the Peshwa.
  • But Narayanrao’s uncle Raghunathrao wanted to usurp power and got his nephew assassinated. Meanwhile, Narayanrao’s wife delivered a posthumous son who was the legitimate heir. So, 12 Maratha chiefs led by Nana Phadnavis wanted to crown the baby boy Peshwa and rule as regents in his name.
  • Reluctant to give up control, Raghunath Rao sought the help of the British stationed at Bombay and agreed with them called the Treaty of Surat.
    • According to the treaty, the British got Salsette and Bassein (Vasai) and also part revenues from Baruch and Surat.
    • In return, Raghunath Rao got 2500 soldiers.
  • However, the Calcutta Council of the East India Company annulled the Surat Treaty and sent an officer, Colonel Upton to make a new agreement with Pune.
  • This new treaty was the Treaty of Purandar signed by the British Calcutta Council with Nana Phadnavis representing the Peshwa.
    • This was signed on 1 March 1776.
  • As per this treaty, Raghunathrao was only given a pension and was not promised any support for his claim to the Peshwa seat. But the British did retain Baruch and Salsette.
  • However, the Bombay Council rejected the Purandar Treaty and offered protection to Raghunathrao.
  • Again, in 1777 the French were granted a port on the western coast by Nana Phadnavis thus angering the Calcutta Council as this went against a treaty he had with them.
  • They sent a force towards Pune.
    • The Battle of Wadgaon was fought in which the British forces were defeated by Mahadaji Shinde’s Maratha force.
    • After this battle, all territories acquired by the Bombay office since 1773 were given back to the Marathas.
  • Further, the British authorities in London supported the Bombay Council in this matter and complicated things.
  • Peace was restored only in 1782 when the Treaty of Salbai was signed.