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Which of the following quantities is a scalar quantity?
1. Weight
2. Force
3. Current
4. Velocity

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Correct Answer - Option 3 : Current

CONCEPT:

  • Scalar quantity: It is defined as the physical quantity with magnitude and no direction.
    • Few Physical quantities can be described just by their numerical value (with their respective units) without directions (they don't have any direction). 
    • The addition of these physical quantities follows the simple rules of algebra, here only their magnitudes are added.
  • Few scalar quantities are as follows:
    • Mass, Speed, Distance, Time, Area, Volume, Density, Temperature.
  • Vector quantity: A vector quantity is defined as the physical quantity that has both directions as well as magnitude.
    • A vector with the value of magnitude equal to one and direction is called unit vector represented by a lowercase alphabet with a "hat" circumflex. That is "u".
  • Few examples of the vector quantity are:
    • Linear momentum, acceleration, Displacement, Momentum, Angular velocity, Force, Electric field, Polarization.

EXPLANATIONS:

  • Weight is a force that is a vector and has both Magnitude (mass) and Direction (always downward).
    • Weight of an object is given by the mass (of that object) times acceleration (due to gravity) i.e. g.= mg
  • A force is a vector quantity. It is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Force actually depends on which direction we apply the force.  
    • For example, we apply a force of 5 N to push any box into the left side. so here 5 is the magnitude and Left is the direction. so the force can be considered a vector quantity. 
  • Current: It is a scalar quantity.
    • In the case of electric current, when two currents meet at a junction. the resultant current of these will be an algebraic sum and not the vector sum.
    • Therefore an electric current is a scalar quantity although it possesses magnitude and direction.
  • Velocity: speed, being a scalar quantity, is the rate at which an object covers distance.
    • On the other hand, velocity is a vector quantity, it is direction-aware.
    • Velocity is the rate at which the position changes in a particular direction.
    • Hence option 3 is the correct answer.

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