Question

Consider the following statements concerning “Proto-Shiva” seals and find out the incorrect statement(s).

1. Shiva is depicted in Pashupatinath form.

2. He resembles Rudra from Rig Veda.

3. Some consider him as Shamans.

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : 1 and 2 only

The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.

• Early archaeologists thought that certain objects which seemed unusual or unfamiliar may have had a religious significance. 
• Harappan religion is made on the assumption that later traditions provide parallels with earlier ones.
• This is because archaeologists often move from the known to the unknown, that is, from the present to the past.
• While this is plausible in the case of stone querns and pots, it becomes more speculative when we extend it to “religious” symbols. 

​The “proto-Shiva” seals

• The earliest religious text, the Rigveda (compiled c. 1500-1000 BCE) mentions a god named Rudra, which is a name used for Shiva in later Puranic traditions (in the first millennium CE).
• However, unlike Shiva, Rudra in the Rigveda is neither depicted as Pashupati (lord of animals in general and cattle in particular) nor as a yogi. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
  • In other words, this depiction does not match the description of Rudra in Rigveda. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.
• Some scholars consider it a Shaman. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
  • ​Shamans are men and women who claim magical and healing powers, as well as the ability to communicate with the other world.