Correct Answer - Option 1 : A B C D
The correct answer is A B C D.
- The Revolt of 1857 AD:
- It occurred during the reign of Governor-General Lord Canning.
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Causes of the Revolt:
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Political: Nana Sahib was refused pension, as he was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II. Avadh was annexed in 1856. On charges of mal-administration, Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur, and Sambalpur were annexed owing to the Doctrine of Lapse.
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Economic: Heavy taxation, forced evictions, discriminatory tariff policy against Indian products.
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Socio-religious: Abolition of Sati in 1829 AD; legalization of widow remarriage in 1856 AD, etc.
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Military: Discrimination with Indian soldiers. Indian soldiers were paid low salaries.
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Immediate cause: The introduction of Enfield rifles, whose cartridges were said to have a greased cover made of beef and pork, sparked off the revolt.
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The Beginning and Spread of the Revolt: On March 29, 1857, AD, an Indian sepoy of 34 Native Infantry, Mangal Pandey, killed two British officers–Hugeson and Baugh on parade at Barrackpore (near Calcutta). He was arrested and hanged.
- The chronological order of the revolt of 1857 is Meerut, Delhi, Awadh, Kanpur, Lucknow, Bareilly, Jhansi, Bihar, Kota.
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Centers of Revolt and Their Leaders:
- Delhi: Bahadur Shah and General Bakhti Khan.
- Kanpur: Nana Sahib/Dhondu Pant (adopted son of Baji Rao II), Tantya Tope, and Azimullah Khan.
- Jhansi: Rani Lakshmi Bai.
- Lucknow: Begum Hazrat Mahal, her son Birjis Qadr.
- Faizabad: Maulvi Ahmadullah.
- Bareilley: Khan Bahadur Khan.
- Bihar: (Arrah) Kunwar Singh, Zamindar of Jagdishpur.
