Correct Answer - Option 3 : Both I and II
Educational thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi was influenced by the then social, political and economic circumstances of India. British education was being promoted and disseminated by the Britishers at that time. British education system affected the Indian minds directly and that affect the then education system of India. He suggested need-based education for India to make the child self-centred and not depend upon the British. Educational thought of Gandhi can be pointed out on the following lines:
- Gandhi accepted that the aim of education is the development of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual abilities of the child. Ultimate aim of education is realisation of the self.
- Learning should provide opportunities for children to become physically active.
- Children should have the freedom to create their own models of knowledge about the world.
- The main aim of education is also earning livelihood. Education of the child should be based on craft. The craft centred education should be based upon the locally available products like pottery, horticulture, agriculture, jute work etc. by which the child can be studied and becomes self-dependent.
- The medium of instruction should be Mother Tongue.
- From seven to fourteen years of age, education of each child should be free, compulsory and universal.
- School should be a place for activity where the child gets busy in various experiments and gains new experiences.
- Education should create useful, responsible and dynamic citizens.
Hence, we conclude that both the above statements are correct.
