Correct Answer - Option 3 : Piaget
"Jean Piaget", a swiss psychologist, belongs to the cognitivism school of psychology, is famous for his work on child development. He made a systematic study of cognitive development in his theory.
According to Piaget
- He strongly believes that children are little scientists and they actively construct their understanding of the world.
- There is no knowledge that is pre-existing in the world such that it can be ‘taught’ to a child. Nor does knowledge comes innately (on its own) to the child. Knowledge develops when a child acts in the world.
- His theory also helps in understanding how children ‘construct’ knowledge. Thus, it is also known as a theory in ‘Constructivism’.
- <liJean Piaget stressed that children actively construct their understanding of the world. The information does not simply enter their minds from the environment.
- <liAs children grow, additional information is acquired and they adapt their thinking to include new ideas, as this improves their understanding of the world.
Hence, we can conclude that Piaget views children as active builders of knowledge and little scientists who construct their own theories of the world.
| Psychologist |
Theory |
Main Idea |
| Carl Jung
|
Theory of Personality
|
The theory proposes the concept of 'introvert and extrovert' as two different aspects of personality. |
| Pavlov |
Classical conditioning theory
|
It emphasizes that learning as a habit formation is based on the principle of association and substitution.
|
| Skinner |
Theory of Operant Conditioning |
Learning takes place through rewarding a certain behavior or withholding reward for undesirable behavior. |
