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If the effective length of a column is twice the actual length, then the column is ________.
1. Fixed at one end and free at the other end
2. Fixed at one end and hinged at the other end
3. Hinged at both the ends
4. Fixed at both the ends

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Correct Answer - Option 1 : Fixed at one end and free at the other end

Concept:

Effective length is defined as the distance between two adjacent points of zero bending moment or contra flexure.

The value of the effective length varies according to the support condition.

End condition

Both ends hinged

One end fixed other free

Both ends fixed

One end fixed and other hinged

Effective length

L

2L

L/2

L/√2

According to Euler's column theory, the crippling load for a column of length L,

\({P_{cr}}= \;\frac{{{\pi ^2}EI}}{{{{\left( {L_e} \right)}^2}}}\)

Where Leq is the effective length of the column.

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