Correct Answer - Option 4 : Toughness
Explanation:
Toughness:
It is defined as the ability of the material to absorb energy before fracture takes place. In other words, toughness is the energy for failure by fracture. Toughness is measured by a quantity called modulus of toughness. Modulus of toughness is the total area under a stress-strain curve in tension test, which also represents the work done to fracture the specimen.
Ductility:
Ductility is the property of the material that enables it to be drawn out or elongated to an appreciable extent before rupture occurs.
Brittleness:
It is the opposite of ductility. Brittle materials show little deformation before fracture and failure occur suddenly without any warning i.e. it is the property of breaking without much permanent distortion.
Malleability:
Malleability is the property by virtue of which a material may be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without rupture. This property generally increases with the increase of temperature.
Hardness:
It is defined as the resistance of a material to penetration or permanent deformation. It usually indicates resistance to abrasion, scratching, cutting or shaping.