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Education is considered as a sub-system of a social system because :
1. It provides essential service that society has to provide to the people.
2. It has a complex structure
3. It has well defined objectives and functions to promote adaptations.
4. It has various interacting components determining social goals.

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Correct Answer - Option 3 : It has well defined objectives and functions to promote adaptations.

Education and social system

  • Education is an important subsystem of the social system. It has a well-defined structure and sets of roles and it affects other social systems. 
  • According to Clark,Education system has a definite bearing on the society which possesses it. The economy, political organization, social stratification, culture, kinship and social integration of any society are closely linked with education.”
  • In the context of education, ‘social system’ refers to the internal association and process of education analyzed as a rational unit that is distinguishable from other aspects of society.
  • Education cannot be separated from its social setting because those engaged in education are also the ones who bear with them the symbols and orientations that recognize them as members belonging to different sections of society.
  • Education is responsible for the transfer of skills and knowledge from one person to the other.

Education as a subsystem of society

  • Education is a sub-system in the wider social system. Some of these systems include education boards, institutes, colleges, and schools.
  • It has linkages with the economic, political, religious, and other sub-systems which exert a powerful influence on the goals and instrumentalities of the educational sub-system on the one hand and on its autonomy on the other.
  • The educational sub-system is not the only agency offering education, to begin with, the domestic group, the neighborhood, and the peer group has important educational roles and the educational process continues beyond the formal school stage through books, mass media, cultural, political, and religious intercourse and interpersonal contacts of a wide variety.

Characteristics:

The following are the characteristics of education as a sub-system:

  • Education is a powerful and strong agent for building social individualism.
  • The education system emerges as a result of the working and dynamics of different institutions of society.
  • The education system through its experiences enriches the discipline of education and gives new illumination towards the solution of education problems.
  • Educational institutions such as schools and colleges provide opportunities for meeting the needs of man to pass on the desirable characteristics of his culture in the form of values, norms, etc.
  • It also helps to mold society in the desired direction.
  • It develops respect for social norms as well as values, knowledge, and understanding in an individual for making him a responsible and effective member of society.
  • It studies the interaction system which emerges from the structure and functioning of human groups and also helps the child to understand these interaction parameters.

Conclusion:

Thus, from the above backdrop, education is an agent for transference and progression of knowledge as well as the socialization of individuals. It is a social sub-system and is accountable for bringing about positive changes in other social systems. From the above discussion, we conclude that education as a subsystem has a well-defined goal, objective, and function to bring positive changes in society. Hence, option (3) is correct.

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