Correct Answer - Option 2 : Education is instinctive
Existentialism
- Existentialism is a form of philosophical inquiry that explores the problem of human existence and centers on the lived experience of the thinking, feeling, acting individual.
- In the view of the existentialist, the individual's starting point has been called "the existential angst" (or, variably, existential attitude, dread, etc.), or a sense of disorientation, confusion, or anxiety in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world.
- A primary virtue in existentialist thought is authenticity.
- Søren Kierkegaard is generally considered to have been the first existentialist philosopher.
- The main idea of existentialism during World War II was developed by Jean-Paul Sartre under the influence of Dostoevsky and Martin Heidegger, whom he read in a POW camp and strongly influenced many disciplines besides philosophy, including theology, drama, art, literature, and psychology.
- According to this philosophy, humans possess free will and stand in an absurd and meaningless world or universe.
- It says that every individual is unique.
Existentialism and Education:
- Existentialism in education is a teaching and learning philosophy that focuses on the student's freedom and agency to choose their future.
- Existentialist educators believe there is no god or higher power guiding their students.
- The teacher must facilitate for the students.
- Let the students take the first step and the teacher guide them in taking the next.
- Believe in free individuality.
- Education should help the individual to make him a human.
- Focuses on the development of introspective powers- self-observation.
- Its main aim is to develop self-realization in children, the authentic self of the child, the choice-making capacity of the child.
- Education should create consciousness for self.
Conclusion: Existentialists believe in such education that helps a child to know the self. It focuses on self-observation, self-realization, and consciousness of self. Hence, it is an instinct-based philosophy for self. So, option (2) will be correct.
