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The semi-conductor material used for making solar cell is
1. tungsten
2. silicon
3. copper
4. aluminium

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : silicon

CONCEPT:

  • Semi-Conductors: They are materials which have a conductivity between conductors (generally metals) and nonconductors or insulators (such as most ceramics).
    • Semiconductors can be pure elements, such as silicon or germanium, or compounds such as gallium arsenide or cadmium selenide.
    • In a process called doping, small amounts of impurities are added to pure semiconductors causing large changes in the conductivity of the material.

Types of semiconductors:

Sr.No P-type semiconductor N-type semiconductor
1.  When the trivalent impurity is added to an intrinsic or pure semiconductor (silicon or germanium), then it is said to be a p-type semiconductor. It is made by adding an impurity to a pure semiconductor such as silicon or germanium and the semiconductor formed is called an N-type semiconductor.
2.

Trivalent impurities such as Boron (B), Gallium (Ga), Indium(In), Aluminium(Al), etc are called acceptor impurity.

The impurities used may be phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, or some other chemical element.

  • Solar cell: A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.

EXPLANATION:

  • At room temperature, Silicon(Si)crystal has fewer free electrons than Germanium other crystals.
  • However, Silicon crystals are not easily damaged by excess heat.
  • Si is less expensive due to the greater abundance of elements.
  • As per the above discussion, it's clear that we use semiconductors in making solar cells and mainly use silicon.

The correct option is 2.

  • Solar cells can be classified into first, second, and third-generation cells.
Sr.No Types of solar cells Explanation
1. First-generation These cells are also called conventional, traditional, or wafer-based cells are made of crystalline silicon, the commercially predominant PV technology, that includes materials such as polysilicon and monocrystalline silicon. 
2. Second- generation  These cells are thin-film solar cells that include amorphous silicon, CdTe, and CIGS (Copper indium gallium selenide) cells and are commercially significant in utility-scale photovoltaic power stations. 
3. Third- generation This generation of solar cells includes a number of thin-film technologies often described as emerging photovoltaics and most of them have not yet been commercially applied and are still in research.
 

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