Correct Answer - Option 3 : Both I and Ii
Millions of children and youth are denied their right to education and they do not receive adequate schooling in an appropriate environment. Most of these out of school children are those for whom the school environment is not conducive. They are either refused admission in the neighbourhood school or forced to remain away from school due to unavoidable circumstances. Social and economic factors are responsible for this exclusion. Social factors are the set of influences that includes wealth, religion, family size, etc. On the other hand, Economic resources include resources, income, etc.
Social and Economic Factors:
- It is an established fact that deprivation in the living environment has a direct effect on concept formation. Naturally, children coming from poverty-stricken families, daily wage workers, slum dwellers, and children from destitute families face problems with economic, social, and psychological environments.
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Girls are at disadvantage due to physical, social, and cultural reasons. Especially in villages and traditional joint families, girls are treated very differently. The educational needs of girls are ignored as their roles are decided in the families. The encouragement they need at a young age to pursue education is totally missing in certain families.
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Children with disabilities are at risk for education due to their problems in learning academic skills.
- Some communities due to their unique physical, linguistic, or cultural characteristics face collective discrimination in society. Their lifestyle, language, culture, origin, or faith differs from the majority of people in their surroundings. They are referred to as people belonging to a minority community. Belonging to such a group restricts their full participation in society. The disadvantage multiplies if other risk factors like poverty and disability coexist among children belonging to minority communities.
From the above, we can conclude that In developing countries, a large number of children are excluded from schools due to social and economic factors.
