Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
When an infected person sneezes or coughs, the pathogens enter the air. When this air containing pathogens enters into the body of a healthy person, it may cause cold. These type of diseases which spread from infected people to healthy ones are known as “communicable diseases”. These get spread through air, water, food or through physical contact of infected person or through insects like houseflies and mosquitoes. Common cold, conjunctivitis, typhoid, smallpox, chickenpox, swine flu, tuberculosis are some examples of communicable diseases. Some insects and animals carry diseases causing microorganisms. They are called as ‘vectors’. The microorganism ‘plasmodium’ causes malaria. The female Anopheles mosquito carries plasmodium and thus is a vector. Mosquitoes are vectors for other diseases as well. By controlling mosquitoes, we can prevent diseases caused by them. Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water. We should be careful not to let water collect anywhere in our surroundings, including left over waste pots, waste flower pots, tyres, bowls etc.
a) What are communicable diseases? Give examples.
b) What are vectors?
c) Name the vector which spreads malaria.
d) How do you prevent spread of malaria?
