1. Muslin is a handy fabric for clothing designers and seamstresses since it can be used for drafting designs. But there’s more to muslin than just that. Designers can utilize the fabric for many other pieces other than rough designs. So if you’re wondering what is muslin, then keep reading.
2. Commercialisation of agriculture is a phenomenon where agriculture is governed by commercial consideration i.e. certain specialised crops began to be grown not for consumption in village but for sale in national and even in international market. Commercialization of agriculture in India began during the British rule. Revolutionary changes had occurred in the agrarian property relations towards the end of the 18th century. The commercialization of Indian agriculture started post 1813 when the industrial revolution in England gained pace. Commercialization of agriculture became prominent around 1860 A.D (during American Civil War which boosted demand of Cotton from India to Britain as Aerica was not able to export Cotton). The commercialization of Indian Agriculture took place not to feed the industries of India because India was far behind in industrial development as compared to Britain, France, Belgium and many other European countries of eighteenth century. The commercialization of Indian Agriculture was done primarily to feed the British industries that it was taken up and achieved only in cases-of those agricultural products which were either needed by the British industries or could fetch cash commercial gain to the British in the European or American market. For example, several efforts were made to increase the production of cotton in India to provide raw and good quality cotton to the cotton-textile industries of Britain which were growing fast after the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Therefore, cotton growing area increase in India and its production increased manifold with gradual lapse of time. Indigo and more than that, tea and coffee plantation were encouraged in India because these could get commercial market abroad. Most of the plantations for commercial crops were controlled by the English. Jute was another product that received attention of the English company because the jute made products got a ready market in America and Europe. Cash transactions become the basis of exchange and largely replaced the barter system.
3. The life expectancy in India during the British rule was 32 years. Now it is near about 50-55 minimum.
4. The Suez Canal was important to the British because of the fact that they had such a large overseas empire. By the time that the canal was built, the most important part of their empire was India. The Suez Canal made it much easier for them to transport goods to and from India. it is the shortest trade link between Europe and countries on the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Because the majority of the world's goods are transported via sea, the Suez Canal greatly reduces the time and cost of transporting goods.
5. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. As a broad measure of overall domestic production, it functions as a comprehensive scorecard of a given country's economic health.
6. Correct option is d) 1853
The formal inauguration ceremony was performed on 16th April 1853, when 14 railway carriages carrying about 400 guests left Bori Bunder at 3.30 pm "amidst the loud applause of a vast multitude and to the salute of 21 guns." The first passenger train steamed out of Howrah station destined for Hooghly, a distance of 24 miles, on 15th August, 1854. Thus the first section of the East Indian Railway was opened to public traffic, inaugurating the beginning of railway transport on the Eastern side of the sub-continent.
7. Infant mortality is the death of young children under the age of 1. This death toll is measured by the infant mortality rate, which is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births
The infanct moratlity rate during the British rule in India was 218 per thousand live births.
8. The jute industry was adversely affected as most of the jute-producing areas went to Pakistan. Due to which export of India initially reduced.
9. Dadabhai Naoroji, William Digby, VKRV Rao and RC Desai made attempts to compute the per capita income in the colonial period.
10. The following are the two-fold motives behind the systematic deindustrialisation affected by the British:
a. Making India a Supplier of Raw Materials: The main motive of the British government was to make India a mere supplier of cheap raw materials to feed its own flourishing industrial base.
b. Making India a Market for Finished Goods: Another important objective of the British government was to use India as a virgin market to sell the finished goods produced by the British industries.
