EMERGENY CAUSES
i. ‘The Bangladesh crisis had put a heavy strain on India’s economy.
ii. This was followed by war with Pakistan.
iii. After the war the U.S government stopped all aid to India. Industrial growth was low and unemployment was very high Monsoons failed in 1972-1973.
iv. This resulted in a sharp decline in agricultural productivity and increase in the activities of Marxist groups.
v. Students in Gujarat started an agitation against rising prices of food grains, cooking oil and other essential commodities, and against corruption in high places.
vi. Leader Jayaprakash Narayan demanded the dismissal of the Congress government in Bihar and gave a call for total revolution in the social, economic and political spheres in order to establish what he considered to be true democracy.
vii. A series of bandhs, gehraos, and strikes were organized in protest against the Bihar government.
viii. Three constitutional regarding the change in the basic structure The Supreme Court said it cannot. Secondly, can the Parliament curtail the right to property by making an amendment. Again, the Court said that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution in such a manner that rights are curtailed. Thirdly, the Parliament amended the Constitution saying that it can abridge Fundamental Rights for giving effect to Directive Principles
EMERGENCY CONSEQUENCES
i. It invoked Article 352 of the Constitution e federal distribution of powers remains practically suspended and all the powers are concentrated in the hands of the union government.
ii. Secondly, the government also gets the power to curtail or restrict all or any of the Fundamental Rights during the emergency. strikes were banned; many opposition leaders were put in jail; the political situation became very quiet though tense.
iii. Deciding to use its special powers under Emergency provisions, the government suspended the freedom of the Press. The government made extensive use of preventive detention.
iv. Under this provision, people are arrested and detained annada writer Shivarama Karanth, awarded with Padma Bhushan, and Hindi writer Fanishwarnath Renu, awarded with Padma Shri, returned their awards in protest against the suspension of democracy.
