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“Forced incorporation of tribal communities into mainstream processes has had its impact on tribal culture and society as much as its economy.” Elaborate. 

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Forced incorporation of tribal communities has had a negative impact on tribal cultures and society as much as its economy. 

  • Tribal identities are today formed by interactional process. 
  • Because this interactional process has not been in favour of the tribes, many tribal identities are based on ideas of resistance and opposition to the overwhelming force of the non-tribal world.
  • The positive impact of successes such statehood for Jharkhand and Chattisgarh, is marred by continuous problems. Many citizens of the north-eastern states have been living under special laws that limit their civil liberties. The vicious circle of armed rebellions provoking state repression which in turn fuels further rebellions has taken a heavy toll on the culture, economy, and society of these north-eastern states. 
  • Gradual emergence of an educated middle class in conjunction with the policy of reservation is creating an urbanised professional class. As tribal societies get more and more differentiated i.e. develop class and other divisions within themselves, different bases grow for assertion of tribal identity. 
  • These issues are categorised as- control over economic resources like land and forests; and issues relating to matters of ethnic-cultural identity. 
  • Due to division within the tribes, the reason for asserting tribal identity may be different for different groups of tribals. 
  • 2 broad issues have been most important in giving rise to tribal movements. These are issues relating to control over vital economic resources like land and especially forests, and issues relating to matters of ethnic-cultural identity. 

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