Some reforms to strengthen the working of political parties—
(i) The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. Now, the law syas that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he or she will lose the seat in the legislature. This new law has helped bring defection down. At the same time this has made any dissent even more difficult.
(ii) The Supreme Court of India has made it mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an affidavit giving details of his property and criminal case pending against him. The new system has made a lot of information available to the public.
(iii) The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold their organisational election and file their income tax returns.