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Discuss the common forms of consumer exploitation.

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Exploitation in the market happens in various ways, as 

(a) Underweight and under measurement: The goods sold in the market are sometimes not measured or weighted correctly. 

(b) Substandard quality: Selling defective home appliances and expired medicines are its examples. 

(c) High Prices: Sometimes sellers charge higher than the MRP. 

(d) Duplicity: Fake and duplicate items are sold in the name of genuine goods. 

(e) Adulteration and impurities: Adulteration is done in the costly items as in oil, ghee, milk, spices etc. to earn higher profits. This affects consumer’s health and their money goes waste. 

(f ) Lack of safety devices: Electronic goods produced locally lack the required inbuilt safeguards, which may cause accidents. 

(g) Artificial scarcity or shortage: To earn more profits sellers create artificial scarcity by hoarding and selling the same at higher price.

(h) False or incomplete information: Sellers sometimes mislead people by giving wrong information about the products, price, quality, safety, expiry date, maintenance costs etc. 

(i) Unsatisfactory after-sale service: Many suppliers do not provide satisfactory after-sale service in case of expensive electronic equipments, home appliances and cars etc. 

(j) Rough behaviour: Consumers are often harassed in matters like LPG and telephone connections and in getting licensed items.

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