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Ocean Ecosystem.

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Ocean Ecosystem

  • Gigantic reservoirs of water covering. 
  • The oceans cover about 70 percent of the earth’s surface and have an average depth of 2.4 miles. The planet has five oceans: Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific, Indian , Antarctic. 
  • huge variety of sea products, drugs etc. 
  • provide Fe, Mg, oils, natural gas, sand etc

Zones:

Divided in to 3 zones. 

  • Euphotic zone – abundant sunlight 
  • Bathyal zone – dim sunlight 
  • Abyssal zone – dark zone – world’s largest ecological unit

Organisms in ocean

Ocean Plant Life 

  • Marine plants live in the euphotic zone of the ocean, because they need sunlight to create food through photosynthesis. These plants include seaweeds, marine algae and sea grasses. 
  • Kelp provides food and shelter to ocean animals and is even used by humans in things like ice cream and toothpaste. 
  • Phytoplankton is another important plant found in the ocean. This is the food for many ocean creatures, from the largest whales to the smallest fish.

Ocean Animals 

  • The ocean contains a large variety of animal life, including fish, mollusks, dolphins, seals, walruses, whales, crustaceans, bacteria, sea anemones and many others. Most marine animals live in the top two ocean zones, where they have access to plants and other ocean animals to eat.

Estuary Ecosystem

Types There are four different kinds of estuaries, each created a different way.

1. Coastal plain estuaries:- are created when sea levels rise and fill in an existing river valley. The Chesapeake Bay, on the East Coast of the United States, is a coastal plain estuary.

2. Tectonic estuaries:- the mixture of seawater and fresh water creates a tectonic estuary. San Francisco Bay, on the West Coast of the United States, is an excellent example of a tectonic estuary.

3. Bar-built estuaries:- When a lagoon or bay is protected from the ocean by a sandbar or barrier island, it is called a bar-built estuary . The Outer Banks, a series of narrow barrier islands in North Carolina and Virginia, create sandy, bar-built estuaries.

4. Fjord estuaries :- are a type of estuary created by glaciers. Glacier Bay in Alaska and the Georgia Basin region of Puget Sound in Washington State are good examples of fjords.

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